For the production of the original models of gold watches it is applied the method of casting. Using it the Egyptians and the Chinese made gold jewelry about 3 thousand years ago. The modern methods of casting were described by the Italian goldsmith Benvenuto in XVII century. Its essence is to fill the voids that remain after the wax model with the molten metal.
At first it is created a model of the future product of wax or another metal, such as silver or German silver. These models are made both by hands and on special machines. The manual way is less expensive, but it is fraught with risk – if the wizard makes a mistake, the whole process should be begun newly. Modern machines for creation three-dimensional models are very expensive, but they let save a lot of time and effort.
In a special program it is made a virtual image of the model with all the hollows and seizures. Then the computer joined to the laser system creates a very real model that is used for molding.
It depends on its shape what the future life of the watch case will be. If it is roundish, it is immediately sent to the lathe, on which it is formed a clear outline of the future body and it is drilled holes for the crown, knobs, cuts are made, if the work piece has been without them.
Turning is fairly rough, so big asperities that soften when milling remain on the surface of the metal. At this stage, probably, it is lost the biggest quantity of bijou metal. When the same method is used in treatment of steel cases, the metal waste may reach 50 percent of the original “ingot”. People working with gold cannot afford such expenses. They coat the machine with a protective membrane, collect chips painstakingly and sent on melting.
If the form of a piece is complicated, it has one way – immediately in the milling tool. Each detail on the milling machine goes through a few stages of processing: it is needed not only to polish its external outlines, but also all the internal cavities and surfaces.
For instance, to treat the back cover of the watch body it is it is necessary to make four various operations, and each one takes up to 15 minutes. You may think that all this is primitive – you just need to cut a very thin top layer of metal.
But under the “thin layer” the true wizards understand not what the profane understand: their ideal – is the work with an accuracy of a thousandth of a millimeter. Only a program-controlled machine has such accuracy. But how wizards working by hand cope with it – remains a mystery. Evidently, it is needed a special feeling of the metal and, certainly, a great experience.
After this treatment, “superfluous” gold turns to powder, which is mixed with oil, which is applied for cooling of parts. In order not to lose a single gram of bijou metal, this mixture is sent to the drainage, where gold is separated from oil.
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